Study Quiz

SOAP can be used in a variety of messaging systems, including one-way and two way messaging. For two-way messaging, SOAP defines a simple convention for representing remote procedure calls and responses. This enables a client application to specify a remote method name, include any number of parameters, and receive a response from the server.

To examine the specifics of the SOAP protocol, we begin by presenting a sample SOAP conversation. XMethods.net provides a simple weather service, listing current temperature by zip code. The service method, getTemp requires a zip code string and returns a single float value.

The SOAP Request
The client request must include the name of the method to invoke and any required parameters. Here is a sample client request sent to XMethods:

<?xml version=’1.0′ encoding=’UTF-8′?>

<SOAP-ENV:Envelope

xmlns:SOAP-ENV=”http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/”

xmlns:xsi=”http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance”

xmlns:xsd=”http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema”>

<SOAP-ENV:Body>

<ns1:getTemp

xmlns:ns1=”urn:xmethods-Temperature”

SOAP- ENV:encodingStyle=”http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/”>

<zipcode xsi:type=”xsd:string”>10016</zipcode>

</ns1:getTemp>

</SOAP-ENV:Body>

</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>

First, the request includes a single mandatory Envelope element, which in turn includes a mandatory Body element.
Second, a total of four XML namespaces are defined. The Body element encapsulates the main “payload” of the SOAP message. The only element is getTemp, which is tied to the XMethods namespace and corresponds to the remote method name. Each parameter to the method appears as a sub element. In our case, we have a single zip code element, which is assigned to the XML Schema xsd:string data type and set to 10016.

The SOAP Response
Here is the SOAP response from XMethods:

<?xml version=’1.0′ encoding=’UTF-8′?>

<SOAP-ENV:Envelope

xmlns:SOAP-

ENV=”http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/”

xmlns:xsi=”http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance”

xmlns:xsd=”http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema”>

<SOAP-ENV:Body>

<ns1:getTempResponse

xmlns:ns1=”urn:xmethods-Temperature”

SOAP-

ENV:encodingStyle=”http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encodi

ng/”>

<return xsi:type=”xsd:float”>71.0</return>

</ns1:getTempResponse>

</SOAP-ENV:Body>

</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>

Just like the request, the response includes Envelope and Body elements, and the same four XML namespaces. This time, however, the Body element includes a single getTempResponse element, corresponding to our initial request. The response element includes a single return element, indicating an xsd:float data type. As of this writing, the temperature for zip code 10016 is 71 degrees Fahrenheit.

XML applications are software programs that process and manipulate data using XML technologies including XML,XSLT, XQuery, XML Schema, XPath, Web services, etc.

Stylus Studio already provides many intuitive tools for working with all of the above and now using XML pipeline you can design a complete XML application from start to finish! For example, you can visually specify the order in which different XML processing steps should occur, and can even debug the entire application and deploy it to your production environment in just minutes.

Sense: X
Is an intelligent, XML-aware editing feature that provides XML sensing, XML tag completion, syntax coloring, and more. It’s the best XML editor in the industry!

Integrated XML Schema/DTD Validator
Creating valid XML documents is simple and easy using an integrated XML Schema/DTD Validator which automatically finds and highlights errors, and provides detailed error messages.

XML Code Folding
The XML Editor features code folding to help maximize valuable screen real-estate and simplify editing of large XML files.

XML Generator
The XML Generator automatically creates well-formed & valid XML sample instance documents from any XML Schema in a highly customizable way.

XML Canonicalizer
It provides an easy way to convert any XML document into W3C-standard XML canonical form.

Some of the tags of HTML, for example, <i> specify presentation details, or style. However, these presentation specifications can be more precisely and more consistently described with style sheets. Furthermore, many of the tags and attributes used for describing presentation have been deprecated in favor of style sheets.

Most HTML tags have associated properties, which store presentation information for browsers. Browsers use default values for these properties if the document doesn’t specify values. For example, the <h2> tag has the font-size property, for which a browser could have the default value of 30 points. A style sheet could specify that the font-size property for <h2> be set to 26 points, which would override the default value. The new value could apply to one occurrence of an <h2> element or all such occurrences in the document, depending on how the property value is set.

Perhaps the most important benefit of style sheets is their capability of imposing consistency on the style of Web documents. For example, they allow the author to specify that all occurrences of a particular tag use the same presentation style. HTML style sheets are called Cascading Style Sheets because they can be defined at three different levels to specify the style of a document. Lower level style sheets can override higher

level style sheets, so the style of the content of a tag is determined through a cascade of style-sheet applications.

The three levels of style sheets, in order from lowest level to highest level, are inline, document level, and external. Inline style sheets apply to the conte

It is not impossible to design a single style sheet that works properly on all the different browsers. One option is to use different style sheet documents for the different browsers you want to support. In this way you can specify CSS formatting customized to the strengths (and weaknesses) of each different browser, without compromising for the average of them.

There are essentially two ways to do this. The first is to use content negotiation to send the browser a browser-specific style sheet. With HTTP, a request for any resource (including a style sheet) will look something like (omitting several other pieces of information):

GET /path/stylesheet.css HTTP/1.0

User-Agent: Mozilla/4.61 [en] (Win98; I)

The User-agent string uniquely identifies the browser (here Navigator 4.6). Most Web server can be configured to return different style sheet documents depending on this value. Unfortunately, this breaks caching on some proxy servers, so it doesn’t always work. Also you, as an author, may have not control over server configuration.

The second way is to use JavaScript to test, on the browser, for the browser version and model number, and to then “write” link elements referencing appropriate style sheets directly into the document. Both Navigator and Internet Explorer will then process the script-generated link elements, and will load the referenced style sheet. Of course, this will only work if JavaScript is enabled, but in many cases this may be an entirely acceptable requirement.

Total Validator is a free one-stop all-in-one validator comprising a HTML validator, an accessibility validator, a spelling validator, a broken links validator, and the ability to take screenshots with different browsers to see what your web pages really look like. Currently Total Validator provides the following main features:

• A parser that validates the basic construction of your pages

• True HTML validation against the W3C Markup Specifications or ISO/IEC definition using the published

DTDs (2.0, 3.2, 4.0, 4.01, ISO/IEC, XHTML 1.0 and 1.1)

• An accessibility validator that validates against the W3C WAI Accessibility Guidelines and US Section 508 Standard

• A broken links validator that checks each page for broken links

• A spelling validator that spell checks the content of your pages (English, French, Italian, Spanish, German)

• Snapshots (screenshots) of your pages in different browsers, on different platforms, at different resolutions

• A desktop tool so you can validate pages before you publish, and pages behind firewalls

• A Firefox extension for fast, one click validation

Internet is a vast collection of globally available information which can be accessed electronically – information which is of practical use for business, research, study and technical purposes. It is a means for electronic commerce – marketing, buying, services, economic and financial data research. It is a collection of hundreds of libraries and archives that will open to your fingertips. It is also a vast store of information relating to your hobbies, travel, health, entertainment, games, software, etc.
Today the information can be in the form of Text, Images, Animation, Sound, Video etc tomorrow it would probably be in the form of smell, touch, taste or some energized
Form. If information can be put on computers, that mean it can be digitized, it can be made available on the internet. The only catch is, how fast? Even the future may not be able to tell.
To be technically correct, we can say that the internet is “an ever growing wide area network of millions of computers and computer networks across the globe, which
can exchange information through standard rules (protocols). Each computer has a unique address. Information is divided into packets which may travel through different paths to the destination address where it is recombined into its original form.”

1. List out the database implicit properties.

Answer:
A database has the following implicit properties:

A database represents some aspect of the real world, sometimes called the mini world or universe of discourse (UoD). Changes to the mini world are reflected in the database.

A database is a logically coherent collection of data with some inherent meaning.

A database is designed, built, and populated with data for a specific purpose.

A database is a more complex object; it is a collection of interrelated stored data that serves the needs of multiple users within one or more organizations, that is, interrelated collections of many different types of tables. The motivations for using databases rather than files include greater availability to a diverse set of users, integration of data for easier access to and updating of complex transactions, and less redundancy of data.

2. What are the applications of SQL Server 2000?

Answer:

Microsoft SQL Server 2000 is a full-featured relational database management system (RDBMS) that offers a variety of administrative tools to ease the burdens of database development, maintenance and administration. In this article, we’ll cover six of the more frequently used tools: Enterprise Manager, Query Analyzer, SQL Profiler, Service Manager, Data Transformation Services and Books Online. Let’s take a brief look at each:

Enterprise Manager is the main administrative console for SQL Server installations. It provides you with a graphical “birds-eye” view of all of the SQL Server installations on your network. You can perform high-level administrative functions that affect one or more servers, schedule common maintenance tasks or create and modify the structure of individual databases.

Query Analyzer offers a quick and dirty method for performing queries against any of your SQL Server databases. It’s a great way to quickly pull information out of a database in response to a user request, test queries before implementing them in other applications, create/modify stored procedures and execute administrative tasks.

SQL Profiler provides a window into the inner workings of your database. You can monitor many different event types and observe database performance in real time. SQL Profiler allows you to capture and replay system “traces” that log various activities. It’s a great tool for optimizing databases with performance issues or troubleshooting particular problems.

Service Manager is used to control the MSSQL Server (the main SQL Server process), MSDTC (Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator) and SQL Server Agent processes. An icon for this service normally resides in the system tray of machines running SQL Server. You can use Service Manager to start, stop or pause any one of these services.

Data Transformation Services (DTS) provide an extremely flexible method for importing and exporting data between a Microsoft SQL Server installation and a large variety of other formats. The most commonly used DTS application is the “Import and Export Data” wizard found in the SQL Server program group.

3. Distinguish between three major types of architectural data models.

Answer:-
Distinction between three generations of architectural data

Model: Primitive data models: In this approach, objects are represented by record structures grouped in file-structures. The main operations available are read and write operations over records

Classic data models: These are the hierarchical, network and relational data models. The hierarchical data model is an extension of the primitive data model discussed above. The network is an extension of the

Hierarchical Approach. The relational data model is a fundamental departure from the hierarchical and network approaches.

Semantic data models: The main problem with classic data models, such as the relational data model, is that they maintain a fundamental record-orientation.

4. Explain various file organizations in detail.

Answer:
A file is organized logically as a sequence of records. These records are mapped onto disk blocks. Files are provided as a basic construct in operating systems, so we shall assume the existence of an underlying file

system. We need to consider ways of representing logical data models in terms of files.

Although blocks are of a fixed size determined by the physical properties of the disk and by the operating system, record sizes vary. In a relational database, tuples of distinct relations are generally of different sizes.

One approach to mapping the database to files is to use several files, and to store records of only one fixed-length in any given file.

5. What is the goal of query optimization? Why it is important?

Answer:
The goal of database performance tuning is to minimize the response time of your queries and to make the best use of your server’s resources by minimizing network traffic, disk I/O, and CPU time. This goal can only be achieved by understanding the logical and physical structure of your data, understanding the applications used on your server, and understanding how the many conflicting uses of your database may impact database performance.

The best way to avoid performance problems is to ensure that performance issues are part of your ongoing development activities. Many of the most significant performance improvements are realized through careful design at the beginning of the database development cycle. To most effectively optimize performance, you must identify the areas that will yield the largest performance increases over the widest variety of situations and focus your analysis on those areas.

6. What is relational completeness? If a query language is relationally complete, can you write any desired query using that language?

Answer:-

Relation Completeness:

If a query language can express all the queries that we can express in relation algebra, it is said to be relationally complete. Yes, we can write any desired query using that language in which query language in relationally complete

7. What is relational completeness? If a query language is relationally complete, can you write any desired query in that language?

Answer:

If a query language can express all the queries that we can express in relation algebra, it is said to be relationally complete. Yes, we can write any desired query using that language in which query language in relationally complete

8. What is the basic purpose of 4NF?

Answer:
The database community has developed a series of guidelines for ensuring that databases are normalized. These are referred to as normal forms and are numbered from one (the lowest form of normalization, referred to as first normal form or 1NF) through five (fifth normal form or 5NF). In practical applications, you’ll often see 1NF, 2NF, and 3NF along with the occasional 4NF. Fifth normal form is very rarely seen and won’t be discussed in this article.

Before we begin our discussion of the normal forms, it’s important to point out that they are guidelines and guidelines only. Occasionally, it becomes necessary to stray from them to meet practical business requirements. However, when variations take place, it’s extremely important to evaluate any possible ramifications they could have on your system and account for possible inconsistencies. That said, let’s explore the normal forms.

First Normal Form (1NF)

First normal form (1NF) sets the very basic rules for an organized database:

• Eliminate duplicative columns from the same table.
• Create separate tables for each group of related data and identify each row with a unique column or set of columns (the primary key).

Second Normal Form (2NF)

Second normal form (2NF) further addresses the concept of removing duplicative data:

• Meet all the requirements of the first normal form.
• Remove subsets of data that apply to multiple rows of a table and place them in separate tables.
• Create relationships between these new tables and their predecessors through the use of foreign keys.

Third Normal Form (3NF)

Third normal form (3NF) goes one large step further:

• Meet all the requirements of the second normal form.
• Remove columns that are not dependent upon the primary key.

Fourth Normal Form (4NF)

Finally, fourth normal form (4NF) has one additional requirement:

• Meet all the requirements of the third normal form.
• A relation is in 4NF if it has no multi-valued dependencies.

Remember, these normalization guidelines are cumulative. For a database to be in 2NF, it must first fulfill all the criteria of a 1NF database.

9. How might a distributed database designed for a local area network differ from one designed for a wide area network?

Answer:-

Data transfer on LAN is much faster than on WAN. Thus replication and fragmentation will not increase throughput and speed-up on a LAN, as much as in a WAN. But even in a LAN, replication
has its uses in increasing reliability and availability.

10. What are the drawbacks of current commercial databases?

Answer:-

Existing commercial DBMS, both small and large has proven inadequate for these applications. The traditional database notion of storing data in two-dimensional tables, or in flat files, breaks down quickly in the face of complex data structures and data types used in today’s applications. Research in model and process complex data has gone in two directions:

a. Extending the functionality of RDBMS
b. Developing and implementing OODBMS that is based on object oriented programming paradigm.

Question: 1. Computers which are capable of handling text and simple graphics, available for many years could be called ———– computers.

1. Super
2. Mainframe
3. Micro
4. Multimedia

Question: 2. Combination of text, sound and motion video is used to project ———–

1. Animation
2. Morphing
3. Presentation
4. multimedia

Question: 3. There are many systems and activities within multimedia’s fuzzy-edged border including ———–

1. Hypertext
2. Image processing and compression systems
3. color electronics and input technologies
4. all of the above

Question: 4. Multimedia is an effective medium to express your ideas and present your information in more attractive way

1. True
2. False

Question: 5. Multimedia is comprised of several elements including ————-

1. None is valid
2. Graphics and text
3. Sound video and animation
4. all of the above

Question: 6 The ————— software can also be utilized for not only video but sound as well because it is capable of handling all different types of multimedia formats.

1. Hyperstudio
2. Movieworks
3. Photoshop LT
4. Quick time Read the rest of this entry »

People react differently in same situations. The reason behind different reactions is various dimensions of personality. These personality dimensions are referred to as Big Five. Psychologists have found these traits to be universal irrespective of caste, religion and culture. The behavior of an individual in a particular situation largely depends on these dimensions.

The Big Five traits are Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. These are universal personality traits present in each and every individual but in variable degrees. People who score high in openness are insightful, imaginative and have interests in various genres. Energetic, talkative and assertive come under the personality dimension of extraversion. Individual’s having high degree of conscientiousness is organized and methodic. Kind, affectionate and sympathetic person shows traits of agreeableness. Neuroticism is the last dimension of big five personality traits. This dimension is related to emotional stability and degree of negative emotions

Big five test is designed to measure the personality traits of an individual. Today big five test is widely used by employers to choose appropriate candidates for their organization. After having an overview of personality traits of candidates the employer can recruit them according to special traits required in specific job profiles.

Conducting employment test is the latest criteria used by employers while hiring employees. These are gaining popularity among all industrial sectors. These tests provide the employer with 3D view of attitude of a candidate towards work and his thought process related to his job profile. The candidate also gets to make a self-assessment of strengths and weaknesses. He can thus improve further and increase his chances of getting selected.

There are numbers of employment tests which help the employer in making right decision regarding recruitment. Series of questions are included in such tests to evaluate skill, abilities, attitude, general awareness, thought process, quantitative aptitude, language proficiency and logical reasoning. There are different types of employment tests, which are designed keeping in mind various job profiles demanding specialization in specific areas. For instance, cognitive ability assessment tests are conducted to have an insight into candidate’s ability to understand instructions and solve problems. Similarly, skill tests are conducted to assess the candidate’s verbal ability, quantitative aptitude and his command over the office software. Personality tests are also conducted to have an overview of individual’s personality traits and his view point regarding job satisfaction.

Rise and fall of organizations depend on the performance of their employees. Selecting candidates having right attitude and optimum knowledge of their fields can take the organization to extreme heights. Thus, it can be said that for an employer, Employment test is the need of hour. They guide them to find the most eligible candidate satisfying all conditions for the given job profile resulting in brighter prospects for growth of the organization.

To find out more about employment test, big five test and sales personality test visit on www.wonderlic.com

Masters in any field of education lets you acquire complete knowledge of a subject. There are several such courses of studies, which promise both substantial career growth and job satisfaction. Ordinarily, most of people work for money and status but there are few jobs that require passion and will to pursue them. Nursing is one of those professions that are meant not only to get hold of a career but to feed the desire of serving people.

One cannot carry out his job religiously until he has dedication for it. To gain efficiency of a registered nurse you must undergo masters of nursing programs, which are offered by various universities. It is the most honoring job that reinforces values of humanity in an individual it helps you connect with people who are dependent and disabled. In addition to this, it is an employment domain that would never face a saturation point. Clinical care is the need of every city, state and society. Without it, one cannot survive in this carnal world. Everyone goes through some ailment or sickness once in a while and require medication to treat it. This is why, nurses’ job is always in demand whether there is recession or job cuts.

Masters of nursing programs have witnessed a significant boom lately. Several factors have influenced the call for nursing career. The foremost reason is increase in the number of hospitals and various medical departments. Secondly, people have realized the significance of this profession and accepted it as one of the civil and rewarding profession. Nurses were considered mere doctors’ assistants a long ago. Short term and certificate courses were enough to take up this as occupation.

This is an era where everything needs to be certified whether it is a product or service. Similarly you ought to attain registration for being hired by renowned healthcare professionals in your city. Registration acts as a validation for your learning and skills and masters of nursing programs help you achieve this certification easily. Moreover, it enables you reach the senior slots in your department. Only registered and experienced nurses are given the opportunity to lead a team. A master degree in nursing lays the foundation for attaining senior position later. Without it, you not be able to get job in desired clinic or hospital as doctors prefer to appoint highly qualified nurses. Medical institutes train nurses through practical sessions. Thus you come to learn each and every aspect of nursing thoroughly.

Few people think that taking online course in nursing would help them learn everything more easily. It is just a myth because you need to focus more on practical training for attaining proficiency. Unlike other courses like, online masters in criminal justice, you need to be physically present in a nursing classroom to understand the procedures more effectively.